Pterophyta

The Phylum Pterophyta is a group of non-seed plants that were abundant in the Carboniferous coal forests. Many have become extinct while at the same time many have evolved to produce new species.

courtesy of http://www.hcs.ohio state.edu/hcs/TMI/HORT300/svp2.htm

They are a diverse group of plants with true leaves (or fronds), roots and stems

courtesy of http://www.wisc.edu/botit/Systematics/Phyla/Pterophyta/Pterophyta.html

Homospory with the production of photosynthetic free-living gametophytes is the most common pattern of reproduction. It is basically similar to that of lycophytes, psilotophytes and sphenophytes.

courtesy of http://www.wisc.edu/botit/Systematics/Phyla/Pterophyta/Life_cycle.html

Taiwan has the densest population of ferns. They currently face the major problem of human development, which is making their natural environment more and more restricted.